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The computer contains a more or less explicitely described user model.
Merriam Webster:
- Cognition = the act or process of knowing including both awareness and judgement;
from co- + gnoscere to come to know
From (Montgomery 1995)
- Processing (Active/Reflective)
Active learners learn best by doing something physical with
the information, while reflective learners do the processing
in their heads.
- Perception (Sensing/Intuitive)
Sensors prefer data and facts, intuitors
prefer theories and interpretations of factual
information.
- Input (Visual/Verbal)
Visual learners prefer charts, diagrams and
pictures, while verbal learners prefer the
spoken word
- Understanding (Sequential/Gloabal)
Sequential learners make linear connections
between individual steps easily. While global learners
must get the "big picture" before the individual
pieces fall into place.
The results of the survey of student learning styles are shown in Table 2. They are very similar to those of Felder[7], whose preliminary observations apply:
- 67%of the students learn best actively, yet lectures are typically passive;
- 57%of the students are sensors, yet we teach them intuitively;
- 69%of the students are visual, yet lectures are primarily verbal;
- 28%of the students are global, yet we seldom focus on the ``big picture.''
From (funderstanding), link below
- "Concrete and abstract perceivers--Concrete perceivers
absorb information through direct experience, by doing, acting,
sensing, and feeling. Abstract perceivers, however, take in
information through analysis, observation, and thinking.
- Active and reflective processors--Active processors
make sense of an experience by immediately using the new
information. Reflective processors make sense of an experience
by reflecting on and thinking about it.
Traditional schooling tends to favor abstract perceiving and reflective
processing. Other kinds of learning aren't rewarded and reflected in
curriculum, instruction, and assessment nearly as much. "
Gardners multiple intelligences (see funderstanding below)
- Verbal-Linguistic--The ability to use words and language
- Logical-Mathematical--The capacity for inductive and
deductive thinking and reasoning, as well as the use of
numbers and the recognition of abstract patterns
- Visual-Spatial--The ability to visualize objects and spatial
dimensions, and create internal images and pictures
- Body-Kinesthetic--The wisdom of the body and the ability to
control physical motion
- Musical-Rhythmic--The ability to recognize tonal patterns and
sounds, as well as a sensitivity to rhythms and beats
- Interpersonal--The capacity for person-to-person
communications and relationships
- Intrapersonal--The spiritual, inner states of being,
elf-reflection, and awareness
Further reading
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